American novelist and short-story writer, born in Portage, Wisconsin, educated at the University of Wisconsin. Her imaginary hamlet in rural Wisconsin was the setting for a series of short stories, beginning with Friendship Village (1908), which dramatized the shifting patterns of small-town America as it faced the encroachments of modernity. Novels like Birth (1918) and Miss Lulu Bett (1920; Pulitzer Prize) exhibit a more critical perspective on American life.