Give and Take

　　有「正向心理學明日之星」美譽，不到三十歲，就成為華頓商學院最年輕終身聘教授的亞當‧格蘭特，當他還在哈佛大學念書時就開始探討目前最成功的企業家的行為動機，經過多年實證研究，他得到了一個簡單卻具有決定性的結論：我們的世界分成給予者、索取者和互利者三種人。「給予者」總是樂於分享；「索取者」只在乎自己的利益；「互利者」則為了可預期的好處，願意付出相對的代價。

　　一般人總認為商場如戰場，掠奪才是王道，但格蘭特教授卻發現，能夠帶領公司走向成功的人，並不是「索取者」和「互利者」，反而是「給予者」。那些信奉「利他主義」的人從長遠的角度來看，往往才會是最後的贏家。

　　就像著名化學公司總裁杭士曼，曾經白白將九千八百萬美元的利潤拱手讓人，只為了信守和合作對象的口頭承諾；當公司經營慘澹時，他更不惜貸款來維持慈善事業。這些看似「吃虧」的決定，最後卻使他成為目前全世界最富有的人之一。

　　格蘭特教授在書中透過令人信服的心理學研究成果，以及各種日常生活上的案例，以強而有力的論證說明「給予者最有力量」的道理，並告訴我們，未來將是「分享」和「合作」的時代，成功的鎖鑰在於「謙遜」和「柔軟」。當「索取者」只注重自身權益、「互利者」只衡量公平往來，只有「給予者」的影響力，才能真正為團體帶來穩定而持久的力量！

　　For generations, we have focused on the individual drivers of success: passion, hard work, talent, and luck. But today, success is increasingly dependent on how we interact with others. It turns out that at work, most people operate as either takers, matchers, or givers. Whereas takers strive to get as much as possible from others and matchers aim to trade evenly, givers are the rare breed of people who contribute to others without expecting anything in return.

　　Using his own pioneering research as Wharton's youngest tenured professor, Grant shows that these styles have a surprising impact on success. Although some givers get exploited and burn out, the rest achieve extraordinary results across a wide range of industries. Combining cutting-edge evidence with captivating stories, this landmark book shows how one of America's best networkers developed his connections, why the creative genius behind one of the most popular shows in television history toiled for years in anonymity, how a basketball executive responsible for multiple draft busts transformed his franchise into a winner, and how we could have anticipated Enron's demise four years before the company collapsed-without ever looking at a single number.

　　Praised by bestselling authors such as Dan Pink, Tony Hsieh, Dan Ariely, Susan Cain, Dan Gilbert, Gretchen Rubin, Bob Sutton, David Allen, Robert Cialdini, and Seth Godin-as well as senior leaders from Google, McKinsey, Merck, Estee Lauder, Nike, and NASA-Give and Take highlights what effective networking, collaboration, influence, negotiation, and leadership skills have in common. This landmark book opens up an approach to success that has the power to transform not just individuals and groups, but entire organizations and communities.

作者簡介

亞當．格蘭特Adam Grant

　　世界知名的華頓商學院最年輕的終身聘教授，也是學生評價最高的老師，並被美國《商業週刊》選為最受歡迎教授，名列世界四十歲以下商學院教授TOP 40。

　　他畢業於哈佛大學，並獲得密西根大學心理學碩士和博士學位。十四歲時曾想成為跳水選手，但就讀哈佛大學時，他發現比起追逐個人的比賽成就，他更喜歡幫助別人達成目標。他認為心理學能夠改善全人類的生活，於是告別選手生涯，全心投入心理學的領域。

　　當他還是哈佛大一新鮮人時，就擔任Let's Go出版公司的廣告業務，結果四個月就創下超過六十萬美元的業績紀錄，十九歲便升任廣告業務總監，並贏得年度最佳經理人獎。這個工作經驗也使他對職場心理學萌生興趣，他發覺大部分的人都將生活重心放在工作上，甚至醒著的時間有一大半都奉獻給工作，但為什麼多數人面對工作卻提不起勁，甚至對自己的工作完全不滿意？他明白自己終於找到了畢生的目標，就是活用心理學專業知識，致力解決這個當代最重要的社會問題。

　　美國心理學會讚譽格蘭特「改變了我們對工作動機的既有認知，並點出了人際關係可帶來無所不在、強而有力的激勵因子。」他曾獲美國管理學會「卡明斯學術成就獎」、產業及組織心理學會「青年傑出貢獻科學獎」，以及「歐文斯學術成就獎」的工業組織心理學最佳發表論文獎。他主持的「影響力研究室」已培育出十多位博士候選人，並經常獲邀至Google、IBM、美國海軍、美國陸軍等單位演講。

　　Adam Grant is the youngest tenured professor and single highest-rated teacher at The Wharton School. An award-winning researcher and teacher, his consulting and speaking clients include Google, the NFL, Merck, Goldman Sachs, Microsoft, the World Economic Forum, the United Nations, and the U.S. Army, Navy, and Air Force. He has been honored as one of BusinessWeek's favorite professors and one of the world's top 40 business professors under 40. A leading expert in work and success, he has published more than 50 articles during the last five years in prominent psychology and management journals. He has appeared on the Today Show, CNN, and the Diane Rehm show, and was recently profiled in the New York Times magazine cover story, "Is giving the secret to getting ahead?" He holds a Ph.D. in organizational psychology from the University of Michigan and a B.A. from Harvard University. He is a former record-setting advertising director, junior Olympic springboard diver, and professional magician. For more details, see giveandtake.com