A Typology of Reference Systems

This volume offers a typology of reference systems across a range of typologically and genetically distinct languages, including English, Mandarin, non-literary varieties of Russian, Chadic languages, and a number of understudied Sino-Russian idiolects. The term ’reference system’ designates all functions within the grammatical system of a given language that indicate whether and how the addressee(s) should identify the referents of participants in the proposition. In this book, Zygmunt Frajzyngier explores the major functional domains, subdomains, and individual functions that determine the identification of participants in a given language, and outlines which are the most and least frequently found crosslinguistically. The findings reveal that bare nouns, pronouns, demonstratives and determiners, and coding on the verb (’agreement’) have different functions in different languages. The concluding chapters offer explanations for these differences and explore their implications for the theory and methodology of syntactic analysis, for linguistic typology, and for syntactic theories.

Zygmunt Frajzyngier, Professor of Linguistics Emeritus, University of Colorado

Zygmunt Frajzyngier is Professor of Linguistics Emeritus at the University of Colorado Boulder. His main research interests include the foundations of syntax and semantics from a cross-linguistic perspective, typological explanations in grammar, grammaticalization, and Chadic and Afroasiastic linguistics. His many books include The Afroasiastic Languages (co-edited with Erin Shay; CUP 2012), The Role of Functions in Syntax: A Unified Approach to Language Theory, Description, and Typology (with Erin Shay; Benjamins 2016), and The Emergence of Functions in Language (with Marielle Butters; OUP 2020).