Michael Mandelbaum is the Christian A. Herter Professor Emeritus of American Foreign Policy at The Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies. He is the author of seventeen previous books, including Mission Failure (Oxford, 2016), The Rise and Fall of Peace on Earth (Oxford, 2019), The Four Ages of American Foreign Policy (Oxford, 2022), and That Used to Be Us (with Thomas L. Friedman, 2011).