Feeding Medieval England: A Long ’Agricultural Revolution’, 700-1300

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The population of England grew steeply in the Middle Ages, especially between the tenth and thirteenth centuries. This volume investigates how medieval farmers managed to produce the large harvests needed to sustain this growth, growth that in turn fuelled a major expansion of towns and markets. New evidence is presented for the development of the medieval farming regimes that shaped the English landscape in ways still visible today.

Medieval farming is a contentious topic, not least because of the different approaches taken by historians, archaeologists and geographers and no consensus has been reached about the cultivation regimes that underpinned medieval cereal production. This volume presents a new perspective on this question, based on the results of a project that analysed the remains of medieval crops, arable weeds, livestock and pollen from hundreds of excavations. The new evidence that this generated reveals the conditions in which medieval crops were grown and how land use changed between the late Roman period and the Black Death. The authors relate the results to archaeological and written evidence for farms and farming, bringing an ecological perspective to the debate about the so-called medieval ’agricultural revolution’. The ’cerealisation’ of England emerges as a regionally varied process lasting several centuries, whose overall impact was nevertheless revolutionary.

Helena Hamerow, Professor of Early Medieval Archaeology, School of Archaeology and History Faculty, University of Oxford, Mark McKerracher, Product Manager and Migrations Lead, Sustainable Digital Scholarship service, University of Oxford, Amy Bogaard, Professor of European Archaeology, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Mike Charles, Professor of Environmental Archaeology, University of Oxford, Emily Forster, Freelance Palynologist and Environmental Archaeologist, , Matilda Holmes, Honorary Fellow, University of Leicester, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Professor of Archaeological Science, University of Oxford, Elizabeth Stroud, Lecturer in Archaeological Science, University of Oxford, Richard Thomas, Professor of Archaeology, University of Leicester

Amy Bogaard is Professor of European Archaeology at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Keble College.

Mike Charles is Professor of Environmental Archaeology at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of St Cross College.

Emily Forster is a Freelance Palynologist and Environmental Archaeologist specialising in palynology, diatom analysis and archaeobotany.

Helena Hamerow is Professor of Early Medieval Archaeology at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of St Cross College.

Matilda Holmes has taught zooarchaeology at Birmingham University, UCL, University of Leicester and the University of Nottingham and mentors several early career specialists.

Mark McKerracher is the Product Manager and Migrations Lead for the Sustainable Digital Scholarship service within the School of Archaeology and currently works in research data management at the Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford.

Christopher Bronk Ramsey is Professor of Archaeological Science at the University of Oxford.

Elizabeth Stroud is a Departmental Lecturer in Archaeological Science at the University of Oxford.

Richard Thomas is Professor of Archaeology, Pro-Vice Chancellor for Research and Enterprise at the University of Leicester.