Aristotle on What Emotions Are

This book provides the first systematic interpretation of what Aristotle thinks occurrent emotions are and points to some philosophical merits of his account. It is argued that he holds that emotions are representational pleasures or distresses that are formed in response to other intentional states that apprehend their objects. Even this bare formulation of his view is notable in several respects. First, the idea that the pleasures or distresses of emotions are representational--directed at objects in the world (or ourselves)--contrasts sharply with accounts that identify emotions with non-representational sensations or feelings. Second, the notion that emotions are pleasurable or distressful responses to other intentional states that apprehend their objects provides a fundamental contrast with many current accounts which instead view emotions as (in part) modes of apprehension or kinds of epistemic state themselves. Third, Aristotle’s view stands in opposition to motivational accounts of emotions, insofar as while he thinks that emotions interact with desires or motivational states in important ways, he does not think they are themselves (even in part) motivational states. They are representational pleasures or distresses alone. Together, these three points give Aristotle a novel understanding of the representational role emotions play; namely, neither descriptive, nor prescriptive, but reactive. Besides developing these ideas, both textually and philosophically, the book also explores how Aristotle individuates emotion types; his understanding of the material dimension of emotions; and how his view can provide a novel explanation of recalcitrant emotions, a notoriously problematic phenomenon for many recent accounts of emotions.

Giles Pearson, Senior Lecturer in Philosophy, University of Bristol

Giles Pearson is Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at Bristol University. He has taught philosophy at Bristol University since 2007. Prior to that he was a lecturer at Birkbeck College, London (2006-7) and a research fellow at Christ’s College, Cambridge (2003-6). His Ph.D., on Aristotle on desire, was from St. John’s College, Cambridge. He has published two books; a monograph Aristotle on Desire (2012), and an edited book (co-edited with M. Pakaluk) Moral Psychology and Human Action in Aristotle (OUP, 2011). He has also published a number of articles on Aristotle in leading international peer-review journals in ancient philosophy and contributed to several prominent edited collections.