FROM SLAVERY TO CITIZENSHIP

Citizenship is not a spectator sport; it is all about engagement. From Slavery to Citizenship is part of a bigger picture - a development process which will enable us to gain more control over our own lives and to participate in decisions about the future direction of society and the organisations we are involved in.
This book is unusual in suggesting that slavery is not a remote historical phenomenon, but a fundamental component of our present. People have been slaves in the past and some people are enslaved today.
The subject of slavery is highly charged with emotion. From Slavery to Citizenship seeks to facilitate dialogue and to bridge gaps. This is not easy as people have been speaking different languages and working from diverse sets of assumptions. A first step is to listen and to learn from differences.
In this book, a single author's voice brings together contributions from major public figures and respected thinkers. Within a rich tapestry of perspectives, there is no single line of argument, or one overall conclusion. There are contributions from Africa, North and South America, Western and Eastern Europe and Asia, and from discourses in work organisation, occupational health, psychiatry and human rights, as well as education.
After reading the book, you are unlikely to conclude that all of the contributors have agreed, but you will find that they give you a starting point from which to reflect and begin discussion, as well as the tools to engage in active citizenship.

Richard Ennals is Professor at Kingston Business School, London, where he leads the Centre for Working Life Research. He studied the history of slavery in the USA and at King's College Cambridge, and taught African and Modern World History in Northern Nigeria. He is Chairman of the Council for Education in World Citizenship, and works with the UK National Commission for UNESCO and the UK Work Organisation Network. He has visiting professorial posts in Norway, Sweden and Lithuania. His previous books with Wiley are Star Wars: A Question of Initiative (1986), and Dialogue, Skill and Tacit Knowledge (2006, edited with Bo Göranzon and Maria Hammarén).

PREFACE.
Introduction.
Preparation.
Personal Context.
Work.
Silences.
History.
Communication.
1 Nations and Empires.
Memories of empire.
Slavery as exclusion.
Ancient slavery.
Power.
The pre-colonial connection between Africa and Europe.
Slavery.
Citizenship.
Triangular trade.
European participation.
The legacy.
West Africans settle across the world.
USA.
French and Portuguese empires.
Why has the transatlantic slave trade been ignored?
Vikings and the slave trade.
The transatlantic slave trade.
2 The Trade in People and Ideas.
Before the European Age of Discovery.
Religious encounters.
Medieval Europe and slavery.
Across the Sahara.
Portugal moves down West Africa.
Spanish slave trade.
The Renaissance of slavery.
Global slave trade.
European trade.
Congo, Angola and Brazil.
Uniting Spain and Portugal.
Opposition to slavery.
Internationalisation.
William Shakespeare: “The Tempest”.
Spanish and Dutch rivalry.
Legal British slave trade.
European wealth from supplying slaves.
Slavery and the triangular trade.
Slavery and Enlightenment.
Slave trading as business.
Industrial Revolution.
Christianity and slavery.
Conclusion.
3 Economic Development.
Discontinuity.
The business case.
The legal situation.
Private enterprise.
The British slave trade.
Trading in human labour.
Capitalism and slavery.
Involvement in the Triangular Trade.
The economic impact of slavery.
Black plaques.
Social capital.
The English Enlightenment.
Josiah Wedgwood.
Light from the Lunar Society.
Arguments on slavery and capitalism.
Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade.
Business decisions.
Public image.
The British role.
Social class.
Industrialisation and underdevelopment.
Stakeholders.
Knowledge.
Citizenship and enlightenment.
From Henry to Hitler.
Products from slavery.
Reasons for slavery.
4 Emancipation.
The search for simplicity.
Empowerment.
The Lunar Society.
Class Conflict.
Morality.
Democracy.
Abolition Movement and abolitionists.
Slaves as pawns.
Thomas Jefferson.
George Washington.
Slaves as family.
Slave rebellions.
A colony of citizens.
Silencing the past.
The Church of England reflects.
Abolition Movement and abolitionists.
Thomas Clarkson.
William Wilberforce.
Learning from Wilberforce.
What was abolished in 1807?
Pragmatism.
Stages of emancipation.
From abolition to emancipation.
Property rights.
Global emancipation.
Anti-slavery and the working class.
Parallels.
5 Diaspora.
Summary narrative.
The diaspora experience.
Diasporas.
The New World.
Integration.
Cultures of diaspora.
The role of leadership.
Toussaint L’Ouverture.
Lessons from diaspora for the UK.
Independence.
Time to listen.
Reconciliation.
Global citizens.
Rendezvous of victory.
Impulse Text: Citizenship Education in the Light of Pan-Afrikan Resistance to the Maangamizi – Kofi Mawuli Klu.
6 Control and Participation.
Slavery as an extreme case.
Human rights and work organization.
The epidemiology of control and participation.
Society and individuals.
Tipping point.
Dialogue.
Self-determination: control, participation and the workplace.
Impulse Text: Empowerment – Peter Totterdill.
Impulse Text: Spice of Life or Kiss of Death? – Lennart Levi.
Impulse Text: Enabling – Norman Sartorius.
Impulse Text: The Ingratitude of it all: A Memory – Tee L. Guidotti.
Impulse Text: Current Perspectives on Occupational Stress in Brazil – Ana Maria Rossi.
Impulse Text: The Central-Eastern European Health Paradox – why are men more vulnerable in a changing society? – Mária S. Kopp.
Impulse Text: From Marginalization to Participation and Empowerment: the black and minority ethnic mental health workforce in the UK – Annie Lau.
7 Human Rights.
Slaves as human beings.
Towards human rights.
Human rights and property rights.
Past and present.
Impulse Text: Modern Slavery – Edited by David Harrison, written and adapted by Birendra Raj Giri.
Trafficking in persons.
Slavery in Brazil.
Business and human rights.
Occupational health as a human rights issue.
Power.
People and machines.
Freeing minds.
An NGO for healthy work.
Occupational health and equity.
The future agenda.
What is to be done?
8 Uniting Nations.
Beyond the workplace.
Competition in the slave trade.
From slavery: colonization and the scramble for Africa.
The Belgian Congo.
Denial.
League of Nations.
To citizenship: United Nations.
Colonial rule.
Gaining freedom.
A passage to India.
European history.
American history.
African history.
International institutions.
Lingering legacies.
Culture of peace and war.
Race against time.
Uniting the African Diaspora.
9 Globalisation and Education.
Global information technology.
Networking.
The Lunar Society.
Emancipation.
National memories and histories.
The history of slavery and the slave trade.
Globalisation.
Knowledge work.
Globalised education.
Breaking the silences in 2007.
Citizenship.
International citizenship.
The sound of music.
The orchestration of reflection.
Replacing finance by health and learning.
Empowerment: the colonial legacy.
Confronting the truth.
What has changed?
World citizenship.
UNESCO.
International Labour Organisation.
World Health Organisation.
International citizenship to end slavery.
Conclusion.
10 World Citizenship.
From slavery: summary of Chapters 1–9.
Engagement.
New debates.
Breaking the silence.
Dialogue.
What is citizenship?
Out of Africa.
Into Europe and the modern world.
Only connect.
Appendix: Model United Nations.
Participative education.
Conducting participative sessions.
Experience centred exercises.
Classroom strategy.
Periods.
Example arguments: by book chapters.
1 Nations and empires.
2 Trade in people and ideas.
3 Economic development.
4 Emancipation.
5 Diaspora.
6 Control and participation.
7 Human rights.
8 Uniting nations.
9 Globalisation and education.
10 World citizenship.
Countries.
United Nations agencies.
NGOs.
Media organisations.
Method.
The mode United Nations.
The resolutions.
The way forward.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
INDEX.