Oral Microbiology at a Glance

Oral Microbiology At A Glance is the new title in the highly popular at a Glance series. It provides a concise and accessible introduction and revision aid. Following the familiar, easy-to-use at a Glance format, each topic is presented as a double-page spread with key facts accompanied by clear diagrams encapsulating essential information.
Systematically organized and succinctly delivered, Oral Microbiology At A Glance covers:
Oral microbial origins of health or disease
Various infections ranging from dental caries, periodontal and endodontic infections to oral mucosal, bone, and systemic infections
Local and systemic extensions of oral infections
Sterilization, disinfection, infection control methods, and bioterrorism
Oral Microbiology At A Glance is the ideal companion for students of microbiology, all students of dentistry, and early career clinicians. In addition the text will provide valuable insight for general dental practitioners wanting to update their knowledge of oral microbiology and immunology, as well as dental hygienists, therapists and technicians.

Richard Lamont is Professor of Oral Biology at the University of Florida at Gainesville.

Howard Jenkinson is Professor of Oral Biology at the University of Bristol, UK.

About the authors
Preface
1 Introduction to oral microbiology
Commensals and pathogens
Oral diseases
2 In the beginning
The first microbes
Microbial basis of infectious disease
Miller and the chemoparasitic theory of caries
Oral and dental research
3 Caries as an infectious disease
Dental caries as a transmissible disease
Streptococcus mutans
Mutans group streptococci
Link between S. mutans and dental caries
Immunity to caries
4 General properties of saliva
Saliva production
Protective role of saliva
Salivary pellicle
Saliva as a nutrient
5 Salivary mucins and agglutinins
Composition of mucins
Properties of mucins
Bacterial agglutination
6 Secretory Immunoglobulin A
Production of S-IgA
Functions of S-IgA
Inactivation of salivary defenses
Development of S-IgA
The window of infectivity
Selective IgA deficiency
7 Anti-microbial properties of saliva
Anti-microbial components in saliva
8 Innate defences
Anti-microbial peptides (AMPs)
Human AMPs
9 Microbes in the oral cavity
Primary colonizers
Beneficial effects of bacterial colonizers
Ecological plaque hypothesis
Ecology and disease
10 Molecular microbial taxonomy
Molecular taxonomy
Discontinuous gradient gel electrophoresis
DNA chips
11 Systems approaches to oral microbiology
Transcriptomics
Proteomics
Gene ontology
Post-translational networks
Tiled arrays
12 Oral streptococci
The genus Streptococcus
Viridans streptococci
Lancefield grouping
Relatedness and pathogenicity of streptococci
13 Microbial adherence
Adherence
Long-range adherence
Specific adhesion
Oral bacterial adhesins and receptors
14 Complex communities
Inter-microbial reactions
Co-adhesion
Metabolic associations
Antagonism
15 Biofilms
Biofilm development
Microbial recognition of surfaces and interbacterial communication
The biofilm matrix, resilience and resistance
16 Bacterial polysaccharides
Extracellular polysaccharide production
Glycosyltransferases and fructosyltransferases
Glucan binding proteins
EPS produced by oral Gram-negatives
17 Microbiology of caries
Structure of teeth
Dental caries
Types of dental caries
Important bacteria in caries
Emerging and polymicrobial pathogens
18 Virulence factors of S. mutans
Initial attachment to tooth surfaces
Polysaccharide production
Acid production
Acid tolerance
Biofilm adaptation
19 Host and environmental factors in caries
Host factors
Dietary factors
Caries risk assessment
20 Fluoride
Modes of action of fluoride
Strategies for fluoride delivery
Anti-microbial effects of fluoride
Enhancing anti-microbial effects
21 Anti-caries strategies
Inhibitors
Probiotics
Immunization
Vaccination
22 Periodontal diseases
Classification of periodontal diseases
Role of plaque bacteria in periodontal diseases
Role of host factors in periodontal diseases
23 Microorganisms associated with periodontal diseases
Gingivitis
Chronic periodontitis
Localized aggressive periodontitis
Generalized aggressive periodontitis
Color-coded complexes
P. gingivalis, a consensus pathogen
A. actinomycetemcomitans, a pathogen in LAP
Culture independent bacterial detection
24 Colonization by periodontal bacteria
Adhesion
Periodontal bacterial adhesins
Intracellular invasion
Mechanisms of invasion
Host responses to intracellular bacteria
25 Virulence factors of periodontal bacteria
Toxins
Proteolytic enzymes
Bacterial components that impact alveolar bone
Other toxic products
26 The immune response and periodontal bacteria
Importance of neutrophils
Innate immune sensing of periodontal bacteria
Tissue destruction and bone loss
Genetic factors associated with periodontal disease
27 Relationship between periodontal diseases and systemic health
Pathogenic mechanisms – general principles
Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
Adverse pregnancy outcomes
Pulmonary infections
Diabetes
Osteoporosis
28 Implants and titanium
Osseo-integration
Implant structure
Peri-implantitis
Bacteria associated with peri-implantitis
Asepsis and treatment
29 Endodontic infections
Dentinal tubules
Bacterial invasion of dentin
Microbiota of endodontic infections
Symptomatic versus asymptomatic
Treatment
30 Host factors in endodontic infections
Pulpal infections
Periapical abscesses
Repair and angiogenesis
Resistant bacteria
31 Infective endocarditis
Bacteria in IE
Mechanism of vegetation formation
Bacterial virulence factors
Antibiotics in IE
32 Oral mucosal, bone and systemic infections
Mucosal infections
Submucosal and bone infections
Oral manifestations of systemic infections
Systemic manifestations of oral infections
33 Candida albicans and fungal infections
C. albicans infections
Denture stomatitis
Angular cheilitis
Gingivitis and periodontal disease
Prosthetic implants
Biofilms and antifungal drugs
34 Oral virology I, herpes, papillomavirus and parvovirus
Herpes viruses
Papillomaviruses
Parvoviruses
35 Oral virology II, hepatitis and HIV
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
Hepatitis D virus (HDV, delta agent)
Other hepatitis viruses
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
36 Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance
Antibiotics in dentistry
Resistance to anti-microbial agents
Transfer of anti-microbial resistance
Curtailing anti-microbial resistance
37 Sterilization
Heat
Radiation
Chemicals
38 Disinfection
Physical
Chemical
39 Infection control
Prions
Dental unit water lines (DUWL)
40 Bioterrorism
Anthrax
Botulism
Smallpox
Salmonella
Biological weapons convention
Index