This book reviews the critical scope of nuclear materials, which play an essential role in decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. It traces historical landmarks from the years preceding World War II to the atomic bomb era. Key topics covered include the concept of nuclear materials and their connection to the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), the steps of the nuclear fuel cycle, and advanced reactor technologies. Additionally, the book addresses safety and security considerations, including radioactive waste and spent fuel management. Through this comprehensive exploration, readers can gain insights into the intricate world of nuclear materials, their impact on global security, and the path toward sustainable energy solutions.