Buddhism and International Humanitarian Law

What guidance can Buddhism provide to those involved in armed conflict and to belligerents who must perhaps kill or be killed or defend their families, communities or countries from attack? How, moreover, does Buddhism compare with international humanitarian law (IHL) - otherwise known as the law of armed conflict - which protects non-combatants and restricts the means and methods of warfare to limit the suffering it causes?

Despite the prevalence of armed conflict in parts of the Buddhist world, few contemporary studies have addressed these questions. While there is a wealth of material on Buddhist conflict prevention and resolution, remarkably little attention has been paid to what Buddhism says about the actual conduct of war. IHL is also still relatively little known in the Buddhist world and might not therefore influence the behaviour of belligerents who self-identify as Buddhists and are perhaps more likely to be guided by Buddhist principles. This ground-breaking volume is part of an International Committee of the Red Cross project which seeks to fill this gap by exploring correspondences between Buddhist and IHL principles, and by identifying Buddhist resources to improve compliance with IHL and equivalent Buddhist or humanitarian norms.

This book will be of much interest to students and researchers of International Law, Buddhism, Ethics as well as War and Conflict studies. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Contemporary Buddhism.

The Open Access version of this book, available at https: //www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003439820/buddhism-international-humanitarian-law-andrew-bartles-smith-kate-crosby-peter-harvey-asanga-tilakaratne-daniel-ratheiser-noel-maurer-trew-stefania-travagnin-elizabeth-harris-mahinda-deegalle-christina-kilby, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license. A version of the open access title is also available on the OAPEN platform, https: //library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/75921

Andrew Bartles-Smith has many years of experience engaging with religious circles and non-state armed groups in Asia. He has pioneered ICRC efforts to promote research and debate on IHL and religious teachings and leads this project on Buddhism and IHL. He recently established the ICRC’s Religion and Humanitarian Principles website.

Kate Crosby is Numata Professor of Buddhist Studies at Oxford University. Her books include Santideva’s Bodhicaryavatara with Andrew Skilton (1995), the Mahabharata’s The Dead of Night & The Women (2009), Theravada Buddhism: Continuity, Identity, Diversity (2014) and Esoteric Theravada: The Story of the Forgotten Meditation Tradition of Southeast Asia (2020).

Peter Harvey is Emeritus Professor of Buddhist studies at the University of Sunderland. His books include The Selfless Mind: Personality, Consciousness and Nirvana in Early Buddhism (1995), An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices (1990, 2013) and An Introduction to Buddhist Ethics: Foundations, Values and Issues (2000).

Asanga Tilakaratne is Emeritus Professor of Pali and Buddhist Studies at the University of Colombo, and Founding Chairman of the Damrivi Foundation. He has published extensively on Buddhist philosophy, practical ethics and Buddhist epistemology, among other subjects. He is Editor-in-chief of the Encyclopaedia of Buddhism, Government of Sri Lanka.

Daniel Ratheiser is a Regional Advisor for the ICRC. He studied economics and religious sciences at George Washington University and the Universities of Heidelberg and Maastricht, held consulting roles in India and China, and taught at the Max Mueller Bhawan. His research focuses on cultural relations between China and India.

Noel Maurer Trew is an International Law Adviser for the British Red Cross, a former US Air Force research psychologist and instructor, and a former volunteer for the Buddhist chapel at the USAF Academy. He holds a PhD in Strategy and Security Studies from the University of Exeter.

Stefania Travagnin is Lecturer in Chinese Buddhism at SOAS. Her publications include the volume Religion and Media in China (2016), and three co-edited volumes on Concepts and Methods for the Study of Chinese Religions (2019-2020). She is co-director of the research project Mapping Religious Diversity in Modern Sichuan (CCKF funding; 2017-2023).

Elizabeth J. Harris is an Honorary Senior Research Fellow within the Cadbury Centre for the Public Understanding of Religion, University of Birmingham, and President of the UK Association for Buddhist Studies, on which she writes. Her latest monograph is Religion, Space and Conflict in Sri Lanka: Colonial and Postcolonial Contexts (2018).

Venerable Mahinda Deegalle is Emeritus Professor of Religions, Philosophies and Ethics at Bath Spa University, Visiting Scholar at the University of Cambridge, and Executive Director of the Research Centre for Buddhist Studies, Kandy. He is the author of Popularizing Buddhism and editor of several other volumes.

Christina A. Kilby is Associate Professor of Religion at James Madison University. She earned her Master of Theological Studies from Harvard, and her Ph.D. in History of Religions from the University of Virginia. She has conducted extensive fieldwork among Tibetan communities, and her current research focuses on Buddhism and displacement.