"First-order circuits are simple circuits that have a resistor connected with an energy storage element. It is either a conductor or an inductor. The first-order circuit with just a resistor and a conductor is called an RC circuit, while one with a resistor and an inductor is called an RL circuit. Second-order circuits are RLC circuits that contain two energy storage elements. They can be represented by a second-order differential equation. A characteristic equation, which is derived from the governing differential equation, is often used to determine the natural response of the circuit."--