Multilevel Analysis: Techniques and Applications

Applauded for its clarity, this accessible text helps readers apply multilevel techniques to their research. Hox introduces a general framework on multilevel modeling which covers both observed and latent variables in the same model. Basic models and examples are discussed in non-technical terms with an emphasis on understanding the methodological and statistical issues involved in using these models. The estimation and interpretation of multilevel models is demonstrated using realistic examples from various disciplines including psychology, education, public health, and sociology.