LiDAR (Light Ranging and Detection) is a remote sensing technology that measures distance by illuminating a target with a laser and analyzing the reflected light. This book introduces the fundamentals of LiDAR remote sensing, LiDAR data processing and analysis methods and applications of LiDAR in forestry and vegetation mapping, urban environments, geosciences, natural hazards mapping and archaeological survey. It includes many up-to-date studies and can be used as a textbook or reference in fields related to those listed above.