Validation of Score Meaning in the Next Generation of Assessments addresses the role of response processes data – data on the strategies, behaviours, and thought processes an examinee engages in during a test – in determining the validity and fairness of tests. Given the increasingly sophisticated data collection capabilities made possible by use of technology and the recent emphasis on testing as a means of understanding cognitive development, the time for a book on this topic is ripe. This book will bring together researchers who have used different types of examinee response process data in different testing contexts, including national, international, pen-and-paper, and computer-based.