This volume analyses the importance of onomastics and its impact on the ancient world (i. e. Greek, Roman, Graeco-Roman, and various indigenous onomastic systems) for the construction of identities, societies, and ways of thinking. It does so from an interdisciplinary perspective, including elements of linguistics, epigraphy, history, Roman law, theatre, anthropology, and archaeology. The volume explores the presence of linguistic calques and semantic transfers in ancient anthroponymy, the use of "speaking" names, the avoidance or circumventing based on the genre, the legal aspects of onomastics structures, and the acculturation processes that defined individual or collective identities through onomastics and naming. "Name and Identity" delves into cases from the Greek Aegean, Pre-Roman and Roman Italy, the wider Roman world, the Iberian Peninsula, and South-Eastern Europe.