The Founders’ Curse: James Monroe’s Struggle Against Political Parties

How James Monroe’s relationships impacted the rise, fall, and rebirth of political parties in the early American republic.

From the Revolutionary War to his death in 1831, James Monroe’s life was dominated by partisan politics. Monroe--not uniquely among the American founders--hated political parties, even writing that he ＂always considered their existence as the curse of the country.＂ Yet his career saw the rise, fall, and rebirth of American political parties. In The Founders’ Curse, historian Brook Poston tells the story of Monroe’s decision to help create the Jeffersonian Republican party, his efforts to destroy the Federalists and eliminate the need for parties, and the role he played in their rebirth as various parties developed after the battle to succeed his presidency in 1824.

For a time, Monroe succeeded in his goal to eliminate parties: during his presidency, he intentionally made appointments designed to lessen partisanship and took tours of the nation that brought the country together. Monroe developed relationships with every major political figure of the first half-century of American history, spanning two different generations--yet all his relationships were defined by political parties. In the end, Poston explains how Monroe’s successes in eliminating political parties ultimately brought them back with a vengeance under Andrew Jackson’s presidency, thus laying the foundations of the modern two-party system of the American government.

Brook Poston (NACOGDOCHES, TX) is a professor of history at Stephen F. Austin State University. He is the author of James Monroe: A Republican Champion and the coauthor of Parallel Lives: Romans and the American Founders.