Ophthalmoscopy, Retinoscopy and Refraction

Ophthalmoscopy, Retinoscopy and Refraction
By WA Fisher

Contents

I--Ophthalmoscopy
II--Diseases of the Retina
III--Diseases of the Choroid
Iv--Diseases of the Optic Nerve
V--Field of Vision: Indirect and Direct Ophthalmoscopy
VI--Systemic Examination of Eye
VII--Glaucoma
VIII--Optical Principles; Test Type; Lenses; Refraction; Cycloplegics
IX--Applied Refraction; Astigmatism;Presbyopia
X--Heterophoria--Muscular Insufficiency
XI--Retinoscopy
XII--Measurement of Lenses; Prescription writing; Transposition; Frame Fitting

Introduction

Ophthalmoscopy is generally considered as a difficult subject. It is one that is not taught either practically or successfully in medical colleges, with the result that scarcely two per cent of practitioners coming to the author for postgraduate teaching know how to use the ophthalmoscope.

In the author’s opinion, ophthalmoscopy and the fitting of glasses belong to the general practitioner, and acquirement of the necessary practical and theoretical knowledge is easy, interesting and within the reach of all.

This book has been written with the intention of teaching medical practitioners and students the practical use of the ophthalmoscope and retinoscope, with easy application of methods of study, to the detection of detection of diseases of the interior of the eye, and for the fitting of glasses when they are indicated.

By mastering the methods here described and equipping himself with the necessary instruments, there is no reason why the general practitioner should not prescribe so as to correct the common errors of refraction and become proficient in the use of the ophthalmoscope.

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