Feeding the Machine: The Hidden Human Labor Powering AI

For readers of Naomi Klein and Nicole Perlroth, a myth-dissolving exposé of how artificial intelligence exploits human labor, and a resounding argument for a more equitable digital future.

Silicon Valley has sold us the illusion that artificial intelligence is a frictionless technology that will bring wealth and prosperity to humanity. But hidden beneath this smooth surface lies the grim reality of a precarious global workforce of millions laboring under often appalling conditions to make A.I. possible. This book presents an urgent, riveting investigation of the intricate network that maintains this exploitative system, revealing the untold truth of A.I.

Based on hundreds of interviews and thousands of hours of fieldwork over more than a decade, Feeding the Machine describes the lives of the workers deliberately concealed from view, and the power structures that determine their future. It gives voice to the people whom A.I. exploits, from accomplished writers and artists to the armies of data annotators, content moderators and warehouse workers, revealing how their dangerous, low-paid labor is connected to longer histories of gendered, racialized, and colonial exploitation.

A.I. is an extraction machine that feeds off humanity’s collective effort and intelligence, churning through ever-larger datasets to power its algorithms. This book is a call to arms that details what we need to do to fight for a more just digital future.

James Muldoon, Mark Graham, and Callum Cant are based together at the Oxford Internet Institute, Oxford University, where Dr. Muldoon is Associate Professor of Management at the University of Essex. Dr. Graham is a Professor of Internet Geography and Director of Fairwork, a global digital labor rights project active in the United States and 37 other countries. He has written for the Atlantic and the Guardian. Dr. Cant is the author of Riding for Deliveroo, the first ethnographic book on online food delivery.