Organised by The Landscape Conservation Forum, the Between a Rock and a Hard Place seminar was aimed at all those involved in the conservation of rural sites and landscapes. It considered the impacts, both individual and cumulative, of mineral extraction on our landscapes. The debate addressed why we are so concerned about these impacts, and what steps are being, and could or should, be taken to conserve our natural and historic environments. The seminar considered the impacts of mineral extraction on our natural and historic environments; how they have and are being assessed and how those impacts can be mitigated.