Resourcing Defense Cooperation in Europe Amidst Russia’s War in Ukraine: Implications of Reforms to Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution Pr

Part of a wider body of RAND research into prospective reforms of the U.S. Department of Defense’s planning, programming, budgeting, and execution (PPBE) processes, this report highlights the role that allied PPBE-like mechanisms play in enabling or frustrating collaboration across the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization amid a deteriorating threat environment.