This topic, "Emerging Translational Research in Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases: From In Vitro to In Vivo Models, from Animals to Humans, from Qualitative to Quantitative Methods 2.0", is a comprehensive exploration of the rapidly evolving field of translational research in neurological and psychiatric diseases. This reprint presents a collection of 22 pioneering papers that cover a wide range of topics and methodologies, reflecting the diversity and complexity of this field. This collection not only highlights the current achievements in the field but also illuminates the path forward. It encourages ongoing dialogue and research collaboration, fostering an environment where scientific curiosity and clinical need converge to inspire innovation. As we continue to push the boundaries of our understanding, we remain hopeful that the work encapsulated in these pages will lead to improved outcomes for individuals affected by neurological and psychiatric diseases worldwide. This reprint is a testament to the evolution of translational research in neurological and psychiatric diseases, showcasing the synergy between various research domains and the translational potential of the findings presented. It is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the field, from researchers and clinicians to students and policy makers.