The aim of this reprint is to expound upon the latest extraction technologies in the separation of different substances from various resources for a broad range of application. These include the extraction of metal elements from natural and secondary resources and the extraction of bioactive, nutritious, and medically valuable compounds from natural resources, highlighting the use of a spectrum of advanced extraction technologies and materials with high efficiency and a low environmental impact. This also involves waste treatment and the recovery of valuable substances from process residues, aspects that have hitherto been overlooked. By sharing their practice and findings in the development and application of the new technologies, the authors of the articles in this reprint demonstrate the value of sustainable technology in industrial processes, thus inspiring new avenues of scientific investigation in this area.