Mitochondria: The Diseases’ Cause and Cure

This Reprint brings together a curated selection of original research and review articles that explore the multifaceted roles of mitochondria in health and disease. It highlights mitochondria as dynamic organelles that extend far beyond energy production, acting as key regulators of cellular signaling, metabolic homeostasis, and stress responses. The collection spans a broad biomedical spectrum, from mitochondrial quality control in fertility and early-life programming to their dysfunction in chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, liver pathologies, and neurodegenerative conditions. Special attention is given to sex-specific responses, developmental origins of mitochondrial health, and emerging therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial pathways. This Reprint provides a comprehensive and timely synthesis for researchers and clinicians who are interested in mitochondrial biology and its translational potential.