INTRODUCTION
The basic principle of Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) is to
achieve reliable communication without the support of any infrastructure.
Mobile ad hoc networks are considered self-configuring wireless networks
of mobile hosts or routers. Since they do not use any fixed infrastructure and
are connected by wireless links, they are also known as networks without
a network. It is used for the purpose of surveillance for a long time. MANETs
became a popular research topic in the mid to late 1990s. The mid and late
The 1990s marked the addition of laptops and the Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard started to become pervasive.
Mobile Ad hoc Networks face the challenge of unreliable communication
between the hosts