China’s development in the late 19th and early 20th centuries

China is one of the oldest countries in the world. In the 19th century the country became the object of colonial expansion of several imperialist powers (Great Britain, Japan, Germany, etc.). As a result of military defeats and the conciliatory policy of the Manchurian Qing Dynasty, the country was relegated to the position of a semi-colonial state. A major event in China’s new history was the Xinhai Revolution (1911-1913), which overthrew the Manchurian monarchy and proclaimed the Republic of China. Soviet Russia constantly supported and helped the Chinese people in their struggle for freedom and independence. In the Appeal to the Chinese people and governments of Southern and Northern China dated July 25, 1919. The Soviet government declared the renunciation of all special rights and privileges that Tsarist Russia had in China. October 1, 1949 was proclaimed the People’s Republic of China. With the help of the USSR and Eastern European countries, China fulfilled the first five-year plan, carried out economic reforms in the city and village, laid the foundations of industry.