Children around the world are exposed to violence, abuse and neglect. Violence against children (VCE) occurs in almost every environment, including the home, school and community. Neglect, in general, is the most common form of abuse, and often the most silent. In particular, neglect of supervision, like all other forms of abuse, is a complex public health problem. Indeed, due to inadequate supervision by adults, neglected children run an increased risk of death from drowning, suffocation, poisoning, burns, falls, etc. Despite the efforts made by the Beninese government, many forms of abuse, including neglectful supervision of children, seem to be deeply rooted in Beninese society. Given that this neglect mainly affects young children, it is essential to better understand the risk factors associated with this phenomenon in this age group.