Niger, the sub-Saharan country and very poor according to the HDI, is very often affected by various natural disasters. Niger is subdivided into eight regions, including the region of Tillabéry, which is home to the commune of Ayorou, our study area. However, it borders Mali, where a rebellion has been unleashed, which has led to many displaced people moving into Niger. The refugees are hosted in camps or in rural and urban communes. In response to this scourge, the Nigerien state and non-governmental organisations (NGOs), including CADEV-Niger, are intervening in the most affected areas. CADEV, the structure of the Catholic Church in Niger, under Caritas Denmark, is setting up a support programme for the self-care of Malian refugees and the host population in Niger. The overall objective of the programme is to contribute to the reinforcement of the self-care of Malian refugees in Niger and the promotion of food security of the host population. Thus, we decided to conduct this study to understand the contribution of the said NGO to the self-care of Malian refugees living outside the camp in the commune of Ayorou.