The aim of this book is to investigate the causes and effects of the crisis in Brazil in the context of the global economic crisis of 2008, which began in the United States of America and still has repercussions in the current Brazilian scenario. Based on the study of the main economic policy instruments adopted in Brazil in the context of the crisis, described in this work, a new panorama has emerged in order to elucidate the problem - first the focus is on the beginning of the crisis, between 2008 and 2009, with a return to the 2000s later, going up to the current trends - in order to clarify the nature of the crisis and the instruments adopted in the administration of public finances in Brazil. To this end, a study was carried out based on the main concepts and policy measures adopted on the international stage. Brazil is inserted into the global context by setbacks and uncertainty. The research reached the political-institutional axis of the problem, elucidated in this paper.