The implementation of Law n 2014-015 of May 27, 2014 on the prevention and repression of illicit enrichment is problematic in Mali. It gives rise to debate. Public officials affected by the law are reluctant to apply it. The main structure in the fight against the scourge is the Office central de lutte contre l’enrichissement illicite (OCLEI), which began operations in 2017. OCLEI’s track record is mixed. This study is based on an analysis of international conventions, Malian texts and the activity reports of Mali’s anti-corruption bodies. This made it possible to examine the legal and institutional framework for combating illicit enrichment. The analysis revealed obstacles to effective action against illicit enrichment.