The discussion of the central categories of this work, governance and sustainability, is necessary in the context of the installation of large projects seen by the government as a development model. It raises questions about environmental licensing processes and the involvement of affected communities. Who is this development for? Are there possibilities for building sustainability? What are the interests of the actors? How and who makes the decisions that affect the communities? The book, which originated from a doctoral thesis, articulates the themes of participation, democracy, governance and sustainability. It dialogues with various authors and interviewees, seeking to understand the vulnerabilities of environmental licensing under the theoretical framework of public participation and governance for sustainability. The study focuses on the participatory dynamics of environmental licensing for large projects installed in geographically significant areas, and the socio-environmental transformations that occur in the territory where these projects are installed under the aegis of sustainability.