Types and methods of controlling rainwater evaporation

One of the main solutions for supplying water and making up for the lack of water during periods of drought in rural communities in the Brazilian semi-arid region is rainwater harvesting and storage systems. There are a number of alternatives with their own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, which are used for different purposes in the semi-arid region. However, factors such as the irregular distribution of rainfall and the high incidence of solar energy contribute to a significant increase in evaporation rates from open reservoirs. For this reason, alternative methods have emerged with the aim of reducing and controlling the rate of evaporation from water bodies, and although the methods presented in this work have their disadvantages, it can be said that they are outweighed by their advantages in terms of cost, easy accessibility and construction of the material, as well as their possible suitability for reservoirs in arid and semi-arid regions.