Gingival and periodontal conditions in children are crucial aspects of pediatric dental health that require attention and care. While commonly associated with adults, these conditions can also affect children, albeit with unique characteristics and considerations. In children, gingival and periodontal health are essential for overall oral health and development. Gingivitis, the inflammation of the gums, is one of the most common conditions observed in children. It often results from poor oral hygiene habits, leading to plaque buildup along the gumline. Periodontal diseases, such as periodontitis, are less common in children but can still occur, particularly in cases of advanced gingivitis or underlying systemic conditions. Periodontitis involves the destruction of the tissues supporting the teeth, including the gums and bone. Early detection and intervention are crucial to prevent further progression and maintain optimal periodontal health in children. Several factors can contribute to gingival and periodontal conditions in children, including genetics, systemic health is and lifestyle factors. Pediatric dentists play a vital role in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.