Growth Factors in Periodontics and Implant Dentistry

Periodontium is a complex organ consisting of soft and mineralized connective tissues which includes gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. There are several diseases which can affect the composition and integrity of periodontal structures. Among these diseases, periodontitis is notable. Periodontitis is defined as ＂an inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth caused by specific microorganism or group of specific microorganisms, resulting in progressive destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone with pocket formation, recession or both which eventfully lead to tooth loss if the disease is left untreated. Periodontal tissue has the capacity for repair and regeneration. Various treatment approaches have been suggested for promoting periodontal tissue regeneration (GTR), using different barrier membranes and bone graft materials that have gained clinical acceptance in the treatment on certain types of periodontal defects. Based on the understanding of the biological function, growth factors (GFs) have been evaluated for their potential to promote periodontal wound healing and regeneration.