This book analyzes the transformations that have taken place in parental roles based on 3 cases of family consultations carried out and analyzed in the light of Psychoanalysis and a socio-historical-cultural reading. It is the fruit of long academic and clinical work, culminating in this research articulating practice with theory. Systematization and scientific rigour have shed light on the phenomena studied, showing in depth the crises in relationships, especially associated with the paternal function, which also leads to crises in symbolic references. It is evident that the family has become horizontal and fraternal, through a growing maternalization, as opposed to the model of yesteryear, characterized by patriarchy. In this book, the stories of suffering and anguish in parents’ relationships with their children, their bewilderment at the symptoms constructed by their children, can be understood from significant theoretical analyzers crossed by unique life plots. The analyses carried out may be useful in clarifying this complex field of family relationships for professionals who work with children and families.