In modern dentistry, a minimally invasive management of early caries lesions has become indispensable. Fluoride is still a non-plus-ultra in the treatment of white spot lesions or early caries. The most common side effect of fluoride is fluorosis (fluoride-induced tooth discoloration). People with fluorosis develop spots on their teeth that can range from light white to dark brown. Chronic, excess intakes of fluoride are also associated with skeletal fluorosis. Non-fluoride approaches may minimize harmful effects associated with fluoride compounds. This book, following an introduction into enamel remineralization and fluoride-assisted remineralization, discusses the requirements for non-fluoride remineralization systems, different agents particularly their mechanisms and challenges, and summarizes the findings that underpin the most promising advances in enamel remineralization therapy.