In this book we are going to introduce the history, origin and culture of the main Islamic terrorist organizations, so that the reader will have an overview of their main characteristics. But as an introduction to this work I will start by analyzing some definitions of terrorism, as well as studying this behavior from different fields: academic and psychological, trying to reach a proper notion in this research. In turn, this paper develops the way in which the different types of terrorism that today challenge global security operate, their characteristics, their division and mutual action within a specific geographical space.