This work is the complete publication of the thesis for a degree in Brazilian History, presented to the Centre for Philosophy and Human Sciences at UFPE in 2015. It deals with the ideological formation (cultural influences) of the first leading nucleus of the PCB in the period 1922-1929. It discusses the theory of the Brazilian revolution, the PCB’s policy of alliances and the outcome of the trajectory of this nucleus in 1929. Its main hypothesis is that the thinking of this first generation was influenced by the national-popular culture that emerged in the struggles for the abolition of slavery and republicanism in Brazil.