Concern about the effects of public spending on the economy has never been more evident since the impeachment of President Dilma Vana Rousseff, of the Workers’ Party, for an alleged crime of fiscal responsibility. The issue of public spending has been a recurring one, since its impact on economic growth has led society to expect an efficient allocation of these resources, since there are limits to the expansion of revenues that finance the increase in per capita spending. This only reinforces the need to increase the productivity of public spending, and so the book set out to theoretically and empirically analyze the effects of this spending on the Sergipe economy from 2000 to 2007, especially its impact on infrastructure investment and economic growth in the state as a whole, thus capturing the net balance of spending on domestic product. It is hoped that the book will make a modest contribution to the state-of-the-art study of Sergipe’s economy.