Effect of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders on Body Posture and Gait

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are prevalent conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system, particularly the jaw and surrounding structures. While much is known about the local symptoms of TMDs, their broader impact on body posture and spinal alignment remains underexplored. The interconnectedness of the musculoskeletal system suggests that dysfunction in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) could have far-reaching effects on posture, potentially leading to or exacerbating spinal abnormalities, muscle imbalances, and chronic pain. Previous studies have indicated a potential link between TMDs and altered body posture, yet findings are inconsistent, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Understanding this relationship is crucial for developing comprehensive treatment strategies that address not only the local symptoms of TMDs but also their potential systemic effects. By identifying consistent patterns and gaps in the literature, this review aims to inform clinical practice, guiding healthcare professionals in the diagnosis, management, and rehabilitation of patients with TMDs who may also present with postural and spinal issues.