This book enables the reader to learn about the environmental problems of rivers located in northeastern Brazil in the current context. In accessible and simple language, this book presents in its two chapters bibliographic results that point out how environmentally degraded the main springs of northeastern Brazil are. In a broad approach, it also mentions social and economic characteristics. In its results, it refers to the so-called mitigating measures that could be taken to alleviate the problems that cause negative impacts on the various water resources, pointed out as the best practices that could be taken. Presented briefly, this work is recommended for those who are concerned about and interested in issues related mainly to the environment, with a focus on the sustainable development of rivers.