Climate change and insect pests

For centuries, humans have attempted to control pest insect populations that cause agricultural productions losses, and often chemical insecticides are used to control these insect pests. Unfortunately, extensive use of chemical pesticides contributes to a plethora of issues such as farmers’ health risks, food safety issues, reduced biodiversity, reduction or loss of natural enemies, pollinators, and other non-target organisms, and emergence of pesticide resistance. Historically, the use of chemical pesticides to control pests made it possible to increase yields and chemical pesticides will probably continue to be a vital tool that can maintain and improve yields in future sustainable plant production systems but only in combination with new technologies and non-chemical alternatives. Driven by the desire to develop alternative methods, a number of studies have explored the use of a natural enemies to control insect pests.