Thermodynamics

This thermodynamics course, designed for students in preparatory classes and bachelor’s degrees (chemistry, physics-chemistry, biology), aims to impart the theoretical and practical foundations of this essential science. It explores the laws of energy and matter transfer on a macroscopic scale, covering fundamental concepts such as heat, work, temperature and entropy. The progressively structured program covers thermodynamic systems, energy forms, energy transformations and thermodynamic equilibria, with particular attention to open and closed systems, as well as reversible and irreversible processes. Concrete examples and practical illustrations enable theoretical concepts to be applied to real-life situations. Mathematical tools, such as equations of state and thermodynamic relations, are also introduced to formalize and solve complex problems. Finally, application exercises reinforce students’ analytical skills, preparing them for future scientific studies and careers.