Precancerous lesions of the anus

The incidence of anal cancer has risen dramatically in recent decades, attracting increasing attention from clinicians and researchers alike. Dominated by squamous cell carcinoma, which accounts for 90% of cases, this virus-induced cancer is closely linked to persistent infection with oncogenic types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Preceded by precancerous lesions, it requires early management to limit its progression.The aim of our work was to describe the epidemiological, pathophysiological and clinical characteristics of precancerous lesions of the anus, while highlighting current screening, management and prevention strategies, in line with the most recent scientific recommendations.