Voltage Sag Assessment and Mitigation Strategies of Power System

Voltage disturbances such as sags, swells, and harmonic distortions remain a critical challenge in modern distribution systems, particularly with the growing integration of renewable energy sources and nonlinear loads. This study proposes an adaptive Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) integrated with a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), optimized using a hybrid metaheuristic framework combining the Self-Adaptive Osprey Optimization Algorithm (S-OOA) and Hybrid Golden Jackal-Hippopotamus Algorithm (HGJHA). The proposed DVR-BESS model demonstrates rapid response and enhanced stability under diverse operating conditions. Simulation results confirm effective mitigation of severe voltage sags, restoring load voltage to nearly 1.0 p.u. within 0.04 s, while swells were regulated to IEEE 1159 standards. Harmonic suppression was also significant, with Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) reduced to below 5%, ensuring compliance with IEC 61000 requirements. Comparative benchmarking against Pelican, Coati, Crayfish, and conventional Osprey-based controllers further highlighted superior recovery times, reduced overshoot, and improved power quality indices.