Oral Health Implications of Cancer Therapy in Children

Pediatric cancer, though uncommon, remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Advances in diagnosis, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have improved survival, yet treatment-related complications persist. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy damage normal rapidly dividing tissues, making the oral cavity-especially in children-highly susceptible. Common manifestations include mucositis, xerostomia, candidiasis, herpes infections, gingival bleeding, and altered taste, while head and neck radiation may cause trismus, enamel defects, and growth disturbances. These complications impair nutrition, increase infection risk, and reduce treatment compliance. Despite their significance, oral health is often overlooked due to limited awareness and integration of pediatric dental care. Pediatric dentists play a key role in pre-treatment assessment, managing mucositis and infections, and long-term rehabilitation. Early identification and preventive care reduce morbidity and enhance quality of life. As survival rates improve, emphasis must shift from cure to survivorship, making oral health a vital part of supportive pediatric oncology care.