Molecular Markers for the Diagnosis of Gallbladder Cancer

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a very aggressive neoplasm, with incidental diagnosis, poor prognosis and lethal consequences. Knowledge of the natural progression of GCC is still very limited, partly due to its rarity, absence of symptoms, scarcity and contradictions in the medical literature, which compromises successful prognosis and treatment. Cholecystectomy is the option offered to patients as a preventive or curative measure, with the aim of improving the patient’s quality of life and survival, not the prognosis. Several risk factors and markers, as well as various morphophysiological and histological classifications associated with CaVB, have low potential to aid in the prognosis and treatment of CaVB. It is believed that the presence of oncogenicity markers should be prioritised as strategies to better manage aggressive cancers. KRAS2B is one of the oncogenes in the cell cycle control system capable of inducing malignancy in cells. Due to the importance of KRAS in cell homeostasis and its incidence in various malignant cancers, it is believed that the description of its mutated status can optimise the diagnosis and prognosis of CaVB.