Oceanography

Oceanography is a vital field of study that has become increasingly important in recent times due to the numerous threats faced by our oceans. With climate change and pollution posing significant risks, entire marine species are now at the brink of extinction. Considering that approximately 70 percent of Earth’s surface is covered by water, and a staggering 97 percent of that water is saltwater in the form of oceans, the need to understand and protect these vast bodies of water is crucial. Oceanography encompasses various scientific disciplines such as chemistry, geology, meteorology, and biology to comprehensively investigate the ocean.The book aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of ocean systems by covering these various aspects. It presents information that is accessible to beginning students or individuals with a general interest in the subject, without assuming prior knowledge.The intended audience of the book is broad and inclusive. It is suitable for beginning students studying oceanography, as well as laypeople who are interested in learning about the world’s oceans. The book offers a comprehensive view of ocean processes and the major features of the world ocean. It particularly focuses on areas and phenomena that are likely to be observed by individuals living on land and those that have a direct impact on our lives. Additionally, the coastal ocean and its limitations are highlighted, appealing to citizens concerned with the utilization of coastal areas and the coastline. Each chapter concludes with a list of references, providing further resources for those interested in exploring specific topics in more depth.