ʿAlī ibn Sahl Rabban aṭ-Ṭabarī’s Indian Books, completed in the year 850 CE as an appendix to his medico-philosophical chef-d’oeuvre ＂Paradise of Wisdom＂, belong to the most remarkable texts in Arabic scientific literature. The Indian Books offer a unique, interpretative summary of the main tenets of Ayurvedic medicine, as understood by Arabic-speaking scholars on the basis of now lost translations from Sanskrit. The present book centres around a critical edition and annotated translation of this crucial text, framed by a detailed introduction and extensive glossaries of terms. Ṭabarī’s learned exposé of Ayurveda also throws a more nuanced light on the allegedly uncontested supremacy of Greek humoralism in 9th-century Arabic medicine.