Strategies for Robust Manufacturing Supply Chains

Global business leaders and governments are today more focused on building a sustainable transportation and logistics system, intending to reduce the impact of disruptions in their supply chain and to contribute to protecting the planet. The globalization of the international transportation system and the COVID-19 pandemic exposed the fragility of supply chains (Altay & Pal, 2022a). Even before the pandemic, global supply chain disruptions have

been active in transportation supply chains (