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本書為作者在天籟詩社講授古典詩詞之整理稿。以高步瀛《唐宋詩舉要》所收唐人近體詩為主，並以臺北里仁書局版本之文字為依據。共講解七言絕句二十八題三十一首，五言律詩五十八題六十二首，七言律詩四十八題六十首，其中配合講解需要亦旁及其他詩篇。全書都八十餘萬言。
作者在大學講授古典詩詞四十餘年，深感現代人讀詩往往不能直探古人之詩心，讀一首就只能瞭解一首。故賞析時重在讀詩方法，講究科學邏輯性的認知，期能感受古人幽微之涵義。又因天籟詩社提倡創作古典詩，講解時也重視創作方法，舉凡審題、用典、虛實、詩格筆法等等皆再三闡釋。不僅使讀者領會古典詩的精妙語言，亦可增加古典詩的創作能力。
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唐人近體詩選講(上下) 作者：陳文華 出版社：台灣學生書局 出版日期：2024-07-01 語言：繁體中文 規格：平裝 / 798頁 / 17.3 x 23.6 x 4.2 cm / 普通級/ 單色印刷 / 初版 |
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圖書名稱：唐人近體詩選講(上下)
內容簡介
作者介紹
作者簡介
陳文華（1946-2020）
廣東梅縣人。臺灣師範大學文學博士，為汪中先生高第門生。歷任臺灣師範大學國文系、淡江大學中文系教授，亦在民間天籟吟社講授詩詞，並指導淡江大學驚聲詩社。一生推動古典詩詞創作與欣賞，不遺餘力。為停雲詩社社員，與當代詩人張夢機等師友，過從甚密時相唱和。大學時期屢發表詩篇於系內刊物《文風》，曾撰有《無聊齋詩稿》。其詩根柢於杜甫詩律，講究鍊字鍛句、章法結構，故能雄深雅健，自出機杼；清綺夐美，情致動人。詩集《珍帚集》曾獲1996年國家文藝獎。學術著作除若干單篇論文外，另著有《杜甫詩律探微》、《不廢江河萬古流：杜甫詩賞析》、《杜甫傳記唐宋資料考辨》、《古典詩歌欣賞》、《海綃翁夢窗詞說詮評》、《杜甫古體詩選講》等；合著有《杜律旨歸》、《歷代詩選注》、《心靈饗宴：生活的語花》等。
陳文華（1946-2020）
廣東梅縣人。臺灣師範大學文學博士，為汪中先生高第門生。歷任臺灣師範大學國文系、淡江大學中文系教授，亦在民間天籟吟社講授詩詞，並指導淡江大學驚聲詩社。一生推動古典詩詞創作與欣賞，不遺餘力。為停雲詩社社員，與當代詩人張夢機等師友，過從甚密時相唱和。大學時期屢發表詩篇於系內刊物《文風》，曾撰有《無聊齋詩稿》。其詩根柢於杜甫詩律，講究鍊字鍛句、章法結構，故能雄深雅健，自出機杼；清綺夐美，情致動人。詩集《珍帚集》曾獲1996年國家文藝獎。學術著作除若干單篇論文外，另著有《杜甫詩律探微》、《不廢江河萬古流：杜甫詩賞析》、《杜甫傳記唐宋資料考辨》、《古典詩歌欣賞》、《海綃翁夢窗詞說詮評》、《杜甫古體詩選講》等；合著有《杜律旨歸》、《歷代詩選注》、《心靈饗宴：生活的語花》等。
目錄
序：談文華的詩品人品與解詩之道 ·························· 曾昭旭 I
七言絕句
九月九日憶山東兄弟 王 維 ······················································ 1
送沈子歸江東 王 維 ······························································· 19
從軍行七首錄二 王昌齡 ····························································· 27
出 塞二首錄一 王昌齡 ····························································· 31
春宮曲 王昌齡 ········································································ 37
長信秋詞五首錄二 王昌齡 ·························································· 43
閨 怨 王昌齡 ········································································ 49
涼州詞 王之渙 ········································································ 53
聞王昌齡左遷龍標遙有此寄 李 白 ············································· 69
黃鶴樓送孟浩然之廣陵 李 白 ··················································· 73
早發白帝城 李 白 ·································································· 81
石頭城 劉禹錫 ········································································ 89
烏衣巷 劉禹錫 ········································································ 95
汴河曲 李 益 ········································································ 97__
隋宮燕 李 益 ······································································· 101
楊柳枝詞九首錄二 劉禹錫 ·························································· 103
柳州二月榕葉落盡偶題 柳宗元 ·················································· 107
渡桑乾 賈 島 ······································································· 113
登樂遊原 杜 牧 ···································································· 119
江南春絕句 杜 牧 ································································· 127
赤 壁 杜 牧 ······································································· 131
題桃花夫人廟 杜 牧 ······························································ 137
寄令狐郎中 李商隱 ································································· 147
謁 山 李商隱 ······································································· 157
常 娥 李商隱 ······································································· 169
夜雨寄北 李商隱 ···································································· 175
宮 妓 李商隱 ······································································· 179
宮 詞 李商隱 ······································································· 185
五言律詩
在獄詠蟬 駱賓王 ···································································· 189
雜 詩 沈佺期 ······································································· 195
度大庾嶺 宋之問 ···································································· 199
過香積寺 王 維 ···································································· 203
秋夜獨坐 王 維 ···································································· 209
輞川閒居贈裴秀才迪 王 維 ····················································· 213
山居秋暝 王 維 ···································································· 217
終南別業 王 維 ···································································· 223
歸嵩山作 王 維 ···································································· 227
歸輞川作 王 維 ···································································· 231
望洞庭湖贈張丞相 孟浩然 ························································ 235
傷峴山雲表上人 孟浩然 ··························································· 241
與諸子登峴山作 孟浩然 ···························································· 245
歲暮歸南山 孟浩然 ·································································· 249
舟中曉望 孟浩然 ····································································· 257
贈孟浩然 李 白 ····································································· 261
贈錢徵君少陽 李 白 ······························································· 265
渡荊門送別 李 白 ·································································· 269
送友人 李 白 ········································································ 273
謝公亭 李 白 ········································································ 275
夜泊牛渚懷古 李 白 ······························································· 279
聽蜀僧濬彈琴 李 白 ······························································· 285
房兵曹胡馬 杜 甫 ·································································· 289
畫 鷹 杜 甫 ········································································ 297
春 望 杜 甫 ········································································ 303
喜達行在所三首 杜 甫 ····························································· 309
春宿左省 杜 甫 ····································································· 319
秦州雜詩二十首錄二 杜 甫 ························································ 323
月夜憶舍弟 杜 甫 ·································································· 329
遣 興 杜 甫 ········································································ 335
天末懷李白 杜 甫 ·································································· 339
遣 懷 杜 甫 ········································································ 343
擣 衣 杜 甫 ········································································ 347
送 遠 杜 甫 ········································································ 351
春夜喜雨 杜 甫 ····································································· 355
別房太尉墓 杜 甫 ·································································· 359
禹 廟 杜 甫 ········································································ 365
旅夜書懷 杜 甫 ····································································· 375
孤 雁 杜 甫 ········································································ 381
江 漢 杜 甫 ········································································ 387
登岳陽樓 杜 甫 ···································································· 393
淮上喜會梁川故人 韋應物 ························································ 397
雲陽館與韓紳宿別 司空曙 ························································ 399
喜外弟盧綸見宿 司空曙 ··························································· 403
喜見外弟又言別 李 益 ··························································· 407
江鄉故人偶集客舍 戴叔倫 ························································ 409
除夜宿石頭驛 戴叔倫 ······························································ 411
除夜有感 崔 塗 ···································································· 415
蜀先主廟 劉禹錫 ···································································· 419
草 白居易 ············································································· 423
憶江上吳處士 賈 島 ······························································ 427
落 花 李商隱 ······································································· 433
蟬 李商隱 ············································································· 437
贈劉司戶蕡／哭劉司戶蕡／哭劉司戶二首／哭劉蕡 李商隱 ··············· 441
落日悵望 馬 戴 ···································································· 455
下 冊
七言律詩
過賈誼宅 劉長卿 ···································································· 459
黃鶴樓 崔 顥 ······································································· 463
登金陵鳳皇臺 李 白 ······························································ 469
積雨輞川莊作 王 維 ······························································ 473
奉和聖製從蓬萊向興慶閣道中留春雨中春望之作應制 王 維 ··········· 479
送魏萬之京 李 頎 ································································· 485
望薊門 祖 詠 ······································································· 489
送鄭十八虔貶台州司戶傷其臨老陷賊之故闕為面別情見於詩 杜 甫 ·· 493
曲江陪鄭八丈南史飲 杜 甫 ······················································ 505
曲 江二首 杜 甫 ··································································· 511
九日藍田崔氏莊 杜 甫 ···························································· 519
至日遣興奉寄北省舊閣老兩院故人二首錄一 杜 甫 ························· 523
蜀 相 杜 甫 ········································································ 529
賓 至 杜 甫 ········································································ 533
客 至 杜 甫 ········································································ 537
和裴迪登蜀州東亭送客逢早梅相憶見寄 杜 甫 ······························ 541
野人送朱櫻 杜 甫 ·································································· 549
送路六侍御入朝 杜 甫 ···························································· 553
登 樓 杜 甫 ········································································ 557
宿 府 杜 甫 ········································································ 565
詠懷古跡五首 杜 甫 ································································ 571
秋 興八首 杜 甫 ··································································· 597
閣 夜 杜 甫 ········································································ 627
登 高 杜 甫 ········································································ 633
暮 歸 杜 甫 ········································································ 637
送李少府貶峽中王少府貶長沙 高 適 ·········································· 647
寄李儋元錫 韋應物 ·································································· 651
鹽州過五原至飲馬泉 李 益 ······················································ 655
左遷至藍關示侄孫湘 韓 愈 ······················································ 659
登柳州城樓寄漳汀封連四州刺史 柳宗元 ······································· 665
別舍弟宗一 柳宗元 ·································································· 669
西塞山懷古 劉禹錫 ·································································· 675
錢塘湖春行 白居易 ·································································· 679
與夢得沽酒閒飲且約後期 白居易 ················································ 683
寄韓潮州 賈 島 ····································································· 687
題宣州開元寺水閣閣下宛溪夾溪居人 杜 牧 ································· 691
九日齊山登高 杜 牧 ······························································ 697
錦 瑟 李商隱 ······································································· 701
隋 宮 李商隱 ······································································· 713
二月二日 李商隱 ···································································· 719
籌筆驛 李商隱 ······································································· 725
重有感 李商隱 ······································································· 731
曲 江 李商隱 ······································································· 737
安定城樓 李商隱 ···································································· 743
過陳琳墓 溫庭筠 ···································································· 751
故 都 韓 偓 ······································································· 755
安 貧 韓 偓 ······································································· 763
惜 花 韓 偓 ······································································· 767
附錄 比興與寄託、沉鬱釋義 ····················································· 771
跋：晚節漸於詩律細 ············································· 普義南 795
七言絕句
九月九日憶山東兄弟 王 維 ······················································ 1
送沈子歸江東 王 維 ······························································· 19
從軍行七首錄二 王昌齡 ····························································· 27
出 塞二首錄一 王昌齡 ····························································· 31
春宮曲 王昌齡 ········································································ 37
長信秋詞五首錄二 王昌齡 ·························································· 43
閨 怨 王昌齡 ········································································ 49
涼州詞 王之渙 ········································································ 53
聞王昌齡左遷龍標遙有此寄 李 白 ············································· 69
黃鶴樓送孟浩然之廣陵 李 白 ··················································· 73
早發白帝城 李 白 ·································································· 81
石頭城 劉禹錫 ········································································ 89
烏衣巷 劉禹錫 ········································································ 95
汴河曲 李 益 ········································································ 97__
隋宮燕 李 益 ······································································· 101
楊柳枝詞九首錄二 劉禹錫 ·························································· 103
柳州二月榕葉落盡偶題 柳宗元 ·················································· 107
渡桑乾 賈 島 ······································································· 113
登樂遊原 杜 牧 ···································································· 119
江南春絕句 杜 牧 ································································· 127
赤 壁 杜 牧 ······································································· 131
題桃花夫人廟 杜 牧 ······························································ 137
寄令狐郎中 李商隱 ································································· 147
謁 山 李商隱 ······································································· 157
常 娥 李商隱 ······································································· 169
夜雨寄北 李商隱 ···································································· 175
宮 妓 李商隱 ······································································· 179
宮 詞 李商隱 ······································································· 185
五言律詩
在獄詠蟬 駱賓王 ···································································· 189
雜 詩 沈佺期 ······································································· 195
度大庾嶺 宋之問 ···································································· 199
過香積寺 王 維 ···································································· 203
秋夜獨坐 王 維 ···································································· 209
輞川閒居贈裴秀才迪 王 維 ····················································· 213
山居秋暝 王 維 ···································································· 217
終南別業 王 維 ···································································· 223
歸嵩山作 王 維 ···································································· 227
歸輞川作 王 維 ···································································· 231
望洞庭湖贈張丞相 孟浩然 ························································ 235
傷峴山雲表上人 孟浩然 ··························································· 241
與諸子登峴山作 孟浩然 ···························································· 245
歲暮歸南山 孟浩然 ·································································· 249
舟中曉望 孟浩然 ····································································· 257
贈孟浩然 李 白 ····································································· 261
贈錢徵君少陽 李 白 ······························································· 265
渡荊門送別 李 白 ·································································· 269
送友人 李 白 ········································································ 273
謝公亭 李 白 ········································································ 275
夜泊牛渚懷古 李 白 ······························································· 279
聽蜀僧濬彈琴 李 白 ······························································· 285
房兵曹胡馬 杜 甫 ·································································· 289
畫 鷹 杜 甫 ········································································ 297
春 望 杜 甫 ········································································ 303
喜達行在所三首 杜 甫 ····························································· 309
春宿左省 杜 甫 ····································································· 319
秦州雜詩二十首錄二 杜 甫 ························································ 323
月夜憶舍弟 杜 甫 ·································································· 329
遣 興 杜 甫 ········································································ 335
天末懷李白 杜 甫 ·································································· 339
遣 懷 杜 甫 ········································································ 343
擣 衣 杜 甫 ········································································ 347
送 遠 杜 甫 ········································································ 351
春夜喜雨 杜 甫 ····································································· 355
別房太尉墓 杜 甫 ·································································· 359
禹 廟 杜 甫 ········································································ 365
旅夜書懷 杜 甫 ····································································· 375
孤 雁 杜 甫 ········································································ 381
江 漢 杜 甫 ········································································ 387
登岳陽樓 杜 甫 ···································································· 393
淮上喜會梁川故人 韋應物 ························································ 397
雲陽館與韓紳宿別 司空曙 ························································ 399
喜外弟盧綸見宿 司空曙 ··························································· 403
喜見外弟又言別 李 益 ··························································· 407
江鄉故人偶集客舍 戴叔倫 ························································ 409
除夜宿石頭驛 戴叔倫 ······························································ 411
除夜有感 崔 塗 ···································································· 415
蜀先主廟 劉禹錫 ···································································· 419
草 白居易 ············································································· 423
憶江上吳處士 賈 島 ······························································ 427
落 花 李商隱 ······································································· 433
蟬 李商隱 ············································································· 437
贈劉司戶蕡／哭劉司戶蕡／哭劉司戶二首／哭劉蕡 李商隱 ··············· 441
落日悵望 馬 戴 ···································································· 455
下 冊
七言律詩
過賈誼宅 劉長卿 ···································································· 459
黃鶴樓 崔 顥 ······································································· 463
登金陵鳳皇臺 李 白 ······························································ 469
積雨輞川莊作 王 維 ······························································ 473
奉和聖製從蓬萊向興慶閣道中留春雨中春望之作應制 王 維 ··········· 479
送魏萬之京 李 頎 ································································· 485
望薊門 祖 詠 ······································································· 489
送鄭十八虔貶台州司戶傷其臨老陷賊之故闕為面別情見於詩 杜 甫 ·· 493
曲江陪鄭八丈南史飲 杜 甫 ······················································ 505
曲 江二首 杜 甫 ··································································· 511
九日藍田崔氏莊 杜 甫 ···························································· 519
至日遣興奉寄北省舊閣老兩院故人二首錄一 杜 甫 ························· 523
蜀 相 杜 甫 ········································································ 529
賓 至 杜 甫 ········································································ 533
客 至 杜 甫 ········································································ 537
和裴迪登蜀州東亭送客逢早梅相憶見寄 杜 甫 ······························ 541
野人送朱櫻 杜 甫 ·································································· 549
送路六侍御入朝 杜 甫 ···························································· 553
登 樓 杜 甫 ········································································ 557
宿 府 杜 甫 ········································································ 565
詠懷古跡五首 杜 甫 ································································ 571
秋 興八首 杜 甫 ··································································· 597
閣 夜 杜 甫 ········································································ 627
登 高 杜 甫 ········································································ 633
暮 歸 杜 甫 ········································································ 637
送李少府貶峽中王少府貶長沙 高 適 ·········································· 647
寄李儋元錫 韋應物 ·································································· 651
鹽州過五原至飲馬泉 李 益 ······················································ 655
左遷至藍關示侄孫湘 韓 愈 ······················································ 659
登柳州城樓寄漳汀封連四州刺史 柳宗元 ······································· 665
別舍弟宗一 柳宗元 ·································································· 669
西塞山懷古 劉禹錫 ·································································· 675
錢塘湖春行 白居易 ·································································· 679
與夢得沽酒閒飲且約後期 白居易 ················································ 683
寄韓潮州 賈 島 ····································································· 687
題宣州開元寺水閣閣下宛溪夾溪居人 杜 牧 ································· 691
九日齊山登高 杜 牧 ······························································ 697
錦 瑟 李商隱 ······································································· 701
隋 宮 李商隱 ······································································· 713
二月二日 李商隱 ···································································· 719
籌筆驛 李商隱 ······································································· 725
重有感 李商隱 ······································································· 731
曲 江 李商隱 ······································································· 737
安定城樓 李商隱 ···································································· 743
過陳琳墓 溫庭筠 ···································································· 751
故 都 韓 偓 ······································································· 755
安 貧 韓 偓 ······································································· 763
惜 花 韓 偓 ······································································· 767
附錄 比興與寄託、沉鬱釋義 ····················································· 771
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談文華的詩品人品與解詩之道
曾昭旭
忝為文華最親近的朋友（當然只是之一），我當然知道他在古典詩尤其是杜詩的造詣非同小可；但說來慚愧，他的造詣到底是如何非同小可？竟然是直到讀過他這冊遺著：《唐人近體詩選講》，才真的明白。原來他的解詩功力，真的是博大精深：論涉獵之廣，是浩如煙海；論探驪之深，則是妙到毫巔；俱足令人嘆為觀止。
首先是涉獵之廣。文華解詩，可說從詩題到詩句，無一字不交代清楚；交代的內容，則從詩人的身世來歷、作詩的心情感觸、所處的時空背景、涉及的親疏人物，到詩作提到的歷史事蹟、典章制度、山川風物、地方習俗，乃至選字屬辭、行文用典、歧義引申、疑義辨析等等，無不講解周到，略無遺漏。由此可見文華為學，其用力之勤，關注之廣，真足令人歎服。
然後是探驪之深。這當然是指他對古典詩的深刻了解；這又可分兩層：其一是與古典詩有關的種種形式技法、風格體裁，其二則是有關古典詩的內涵意境、生命感情；而尤以後者的探討為要。
在此，文華是如何進行他的探討與講解的呢？依我閱讀本書的心得，文華似乎是從形式技法的分析講解切入，而自然帶出感情意境的體會。這當然可能是為了配合開課在課堂上逐週為學生講解唐詩，遂依講授的次序將課堂錄音轉為文字稿付梓出版；因而和一般學術著作的寫法大異其趣。也就是：他並非採取分章分節，按設定的邏輯發展理路去論述鋪陳，以建構出一套系統理論為標的；而是站在欣賞的角度，將每首作品所蘊涵的感情意境，以隨文衍義的方式自然帶出。換言之，這不是五四以來流行的、取法於西方知識之學的概念思維、抽象分析的寫法；而毋寧是承傳中華文化傳統的、更貼近具體生活情境的即事說理、娓娓道來的講法。而從閱讀的結果看來，我卻覺得這是更津津有味，引人入勝的經驗。尤其是化聲音為文字，化諦聽為閱讀，更是兼具聽的自然流動與讀的凝聚貞定的兩種優點，而至少令我感到深有啟發，獲益良多。
當然，文華此作畢竟還是和傳統散漫的詩話隨筆、掌故小說不同，而仍有一定的條理與結構，也就是仍受到現代西方的影響，略取西方學問之長。大致說來，他是以唐詩中的七絕、五律、七律為次序，以代表詩人為重點，以約略交代出唐詩四百年的興衰發展史為脈絡。而與唐詩有關的種種知識品類、經營技法，則依所引詩與所涉及的狀況，逐一點出，更旁徵博引，互相補足。如何謂邊塞詩、閨怨詩、送別詩、懷古詩？乃至遷謫、干乞、田園、隱逸、詠物、感時、寄懷、遣興，種種體裁品類，皆有所說。何謂倒裝、反諷、側筆、翻案？何謂對面著筆、烘雲托月？何謂扣題、漏題、完題、襯題、黏題、離題？乃至互文足義、借古諷今、反常合道、無理而妙，等等經營技法，也必隨機介紹。而詩中常見的重要意象，如明月、楊柳等等，更是反覆引證，多有申論。至於格律聲韻，則更屬唐詩藝術的高峯，其精微處文華則是藉杜詩妥為解說，如何謂句拗體拗？如何拗救？何謂吳體？乃至杜甫詩律之精細處果何在？文華都有深入淺出，片言解紛的貢獻。我們簡直可以說，文華此著，根本是借解詩以論作詩，卻是在隨文解義，感性欣賞之中，讓讀者自然領會，而毫無抽象理論的隆重與壓力，此所以為即中庸以見高明也。
但核心的問題來了：文華是如何通過這些形式技法的講解討論切入，去自然帶出感情意境的體會的呢？是在講解討論到關鍵處以文字點明嗎？一般解詩者大概如此，但依我讀本書的心得，文華卻不是這樣，他乃是秉持對這首詩、這位詩人、這個偉大的詩朝代：唐，乃至對整個中華歷史文化的深情熱愛，以全生命投入去從事講解。所以他才會如此巨細靡遺，樂在其中；更因此當他在講解一首詩的時候，他不但在呈現這首詩，他同時也在呈現他自己。他長期浸淫其間，可說詩的感情意境已經與他自己的感情意境相即為一了！原來這才是文華講詩真正精采動人之處。原來這才是詩的精神意境的最佳抉發之方。原來詩之「道」乃至一切生命存在的終極之「道」，本來就不是可以藉學問說出來而是要用全生命活出來的。原來講詩時那可以講的只是外在的形式技法，那無法言傳的感情意境與「道」則只能在可說事物的字裏行間躍動閃耀，此之謂意在言外。所以講詩者必須自己就是詩人而且是真誠懇摰的真詩人才行，而依我對文華的長期理解，他正就是這樣的人與詩人。
為了印證這一點詩品即人品的要義，我不妨說兩個文華的小故事供各位參賞：
其一是有關打梭哈的故事：長久以來，我和夢機、文華、崑陽、雄祥、幸福一群好友（後來又加入信發、保新、瑞騰），有時會相聚打梭哈為樂。尤其夢機中風之後，更是藉此牌戲之名可以定期去看望夢機，陪他解悶。通常都是我負責聯繫邀約，文華雖然極愛和老友打牌，但有時也會為難地婉拒。我探問原因，竟然是因為他要備課。我納悶地質疑說：「我們教書都幾十年了，教材早就滾瓜爛熟，還需要備什麼課呀？」但文華就是不肯。由此可見他的為人任事，分際權衡，是如何認真黽勉。
其二是文華執意拜師的故事：我的這群好友，幾乎全是專長詞章的文學之士，只有我深究義理。平日他們常愛拿這點開我玩笑，例如打梭哈時被我假裝的大牌騙了，就會有人說：「怎麼聖人也會騙人？」我就回說：「該說謊時就說謊才是真聖人呀！」（此意脫胎於孔子之言；「無適也，無莫也，義之與比。」）好友中就數文華最愛跟我論辯，常對我講的義理不以為然，覺得太玄太抽象太不食人間煙火。直到他的夫妻關係出了問題，那段期間他經常找我問道，最後終於服膺我所講的人生義理確是完全貼近人生的。但結果他卻因此要正式拜我為師。我力辭不果，只好聽他；他竟擺下酒席，邀這群好友參與以為見證。從此以後，與文華見面，他都以老師相稱（其實我只比文華癡長三歲）。我也由此見識到文華忠於自我的誠篤意志，真不可及也！
正因對文華如此人品的深刻認識，才令我在縱觀本書之時，深深感到這全部的語言文字，都滲透著文華的生命感情、人品風格，以及對古典詩與詩人的感懷愛重，而流漾著一種生命交流，整體一致的氛圍（此在《易》即稱為「象」），讓讀者讀其詩、聽其解，自然融入其中，不言而喻。而這不就是所有的詩與詩人想要表現傳達的意境嗎？所謂意在言外，物我兩忘；所謂探驪之深，妙到毫巔，正指此也。原來詩只是一個凝其神的焦點，吾人更可從此焦點輻射出去，領略到絪縕於天地之間的無窮意境。正《易》所謂「乾坤其易之縕耶！乾坤成列，而易立乎其中矣！」一首好詩是可以如此潤物細無聲，一席對詩的好解讀不也同樣理當如此有生命同在的感染力？文華這整一部解詩之書，也可以視之為一首廣義的詩，具有同樣的浸潤力量。所以我讀文華此書，直覺得文華就在眼前，如聞其謦欬。我簡直想鄭重推薦以此書為詩學課的高級教科書了！則以詩教詩，以心印心，用生命感染生命，不亦善乎！
是為序。
談文華的詩品人品與解詩之道
曾昭旭
忝為文華最親近的朋友（當然只是之一），我當然知道他在古典詩尤其是杜詩的造詣非同小可；但說來慚愧，他的造詣到底是如何非同小可？竟然是直到讀過他這冊遺著：《唐人近體詩選講》，才真的明白。原來他的解詩功力，真的是博大精深：論涉獵之廣，是浩如煙海；論探驪之深，則是妙到毫巔；俱足令人嘆為觀止。
首先是涉獵之廣。文華解詩，可說從詩題到詩句，無一字不交代清楚；交代的內容，則從詩人的身世來歷、作詩的心情感觸、所處的時空背景、涉及的親疏人物，到詩作提到的歷史事蹟、典章制度、山川風物、地方習俗，乃至選字屬辭、行文用典、歧義引申、疑義辨析等等，無不講解周到，略無遺漏。由此可見文華為學，其用力之勤，關注之廣，真足令人歎服。
然後是探驪之深。這當然是指他對古典詩的深刻了解；這又可分兩層：其一是與古典詩有關的種種形式技法、風格體裁，其二則是有關古典詩的內涵意境、生命感情；而尤以後者的探討為要。
在此，文華是如何進行他的探討與講解的呢？依我閱讀本書的心得，文華似乎是從形式技法的分析講解切入，而自然帶出感情意境的體會。這當然可能是為了配合開課在課堂上逐週為學生講解唐詩，遂依講授的次序將課堂錄音轉為文字稿付梓出版；因而和一般學術著作的寫法大異其趣。也就是：他並非採取分章分節，按設定的邏輯發展理路去論述鋪陳，以建構出一套系統理論為標的；而是站在欣賞的角度，將每首作品所蘊涵的感情意境，以隨文衍義的方式自然帶出。換言之，這不是五四以來流行的、取法於西方知識之學的概念思維、抽象分析的寫法；而毋寧是承傳中華文化傳統的、更貼近具體生活情境的即事說理、娓娓道來的講法。而從閱讀的結果看來，我卻覺得這是更津津有味，引人入勝的經驗。尤其是化聲音為文字，化諦聽為閱讀，更是兼具聽的自然流動與讀的凝聚貞定的兩種優點，而至少令我感到深有啟發，獲益良多。
當然，文華此作畢竟還是和傳統散漫的詩話隨筆、掌故小說不同，而仍有一定的條理與結構，也就是仍受到現代西方的影響，略取西方學問之長。大致說來，他是以唐詩中的七絕、五律、七律為次序，以代表詩人為重點，以約略交代出唐詩四百年的興衰發展史為脈絡。而與唐詩有關的種種知識品類、經營技法，則依所引詩與所涉及的狀況，逐一點出，更旁徵博引，互相補足。如何謂邊塞詩、閨怨詩、送別詩、懷古詩？乃至遷謫、干乞、田園、隱逸、詠物、感時、寄懷、遣興，種種體裁品類，皆有所說。何謂倒裝、反諷、側筆、翻案？何謂對面著筆、烘雲托月？何謂扣題、漏題、完題、襯題、黏題、離題？乃至互文足義、借古諷今、反常合道、無理而妙，等等經營技法，也必隨機介紹。而詩中常見的重要意象，如明月、楊柳等等，更是反覆引證，多有申論。至於格律聲韻，則更屬唐詩藝術的高峯，其精微處文華則是藉杜詩妥為解說，如何謂句拗體拗？如何拗救？何謂吳體？乃至杜甫詩律之精細處果何在？文華都有深入淺出，片言解紛的貢獻。我們簡直可以說，文華此著，根本是借解詩以論作詩，卻是在隨文解義，感性欣賞之中，讓讀者自然領會，而毫無抽象理論的隆重與壓力，此所以為即中庸以見高明也。
但核心的問題來了：文華是如何通過這些形式技法的講解討論切入，去自然帶出感情意境的體會的呢？是在講解討論到關鍵處以文字點明嗎？一般解詩者大概如此，但依我讀本書的心得，文華卻不是這樣，他乃是秉持對這首詩、這位詩人、這個偉大的詩朝代：唐，乃至對整個中華歷史文化的深情熱愛，以全生命投入去從事講解。所以他才會如此巨細靡遺，樂在其中；更因此當他在講解一首詩的時候，他不但在呈現這首詩，他同時也在呈現他自己。他長期浸淫其間，可說詩的感情意境已經與他自己的感情意境相即為一了！原來這才是文華講詩真正精采動人之處。原來這才是詩的精神意境的最佳抉發之方。原來詩之「道」乃至一切生命存在的終極之「道」，本來就不是可以藉學問說出來而是要用全生命活出來的。原來講詩時那可以講的只是外在的形式技法，那無法言傳的感情意境與「道」則只能在可說事物的字裏行間躍動閃耀，此之謂意在言外。所以講詩者必須自己就是詩人而且是真誠懇摰的真詩人才行，而依我對文華的長期理解，他正就是這樣的人與詩人。
為了印證這一點詩品即人品的要義，我不妨說兩個文華的小故事供各位參賞：
其一是有關打梭哈的故事：長久以來，我和夢機、文華、崑陽、雄祥、幸福一群好友（後來又加入信發、保新、瑞騰），有時會相聚打梭哈為樂。尤其夢機中風之後，更是藉此牌戲之名可以定期去看望夢機，陪他解悶。通常都是我負責聯繫邀約，文華雖然極愛和老友打牌，但有時也會為難地婉拒。我探問原因，竟然是因為他要備課。我納悶地質疑說：「我們教書都幾十年了，教材早就滾瓜爛熟，還需要備什麼課呀？」但文華就是不肯。由此可見他的為人任事，分際權衡，是如何認真黽勉。
其二是文華執意拜師的故事：我的這群好友，幾乎全是專長詞章的文學之士，只有我深究義理。平日他們常愛拿這點開我玩笑，例如打梭哈時被我假裝的大牌騙了，就會有人說：「怎麼聖人也會騙人？」我就回說：「該說謊時就說謊才是真聖人呀！」（此意脫胎於孔子之言；「無適也，無莫也，義之與比。」）好友中就數文華最愛跟我論辯，常對我講的義理不以為然，覺得太玄太抽象太不食人間煙火。直到他的夫妻關係出了問題，那段期間他經常找我問道，最後終於服膺我所講的人生義理確是完全貼近人生的。但結果他卻因此要正式拜我為師。我力辭不果，只好聽他；他竟擺下酒席，邀這群好友參與以為見證。從此以後，與文華見面，他都以老師相稱（其實我只比文華癡長三歲）。我也由此見識到文華忠於自我的誠篤意志，真不可及也！
正因對文華如此人品的深刻認識，才令我在縱觀本書之時，深深感到這全部的語言文字，都滲透著文華的生命感情、人品風格，以及對古典詩與詩人的感懷愛重，而流漾著一種生命交流，整體一致的氛圍（此在《易》即稱為「象」），讓讀者讀其詩、聽其解，自然融入其中，不言而喻。而這不就是所有的詩與詩人想要表現傳達的意境嗎？所謂意在言外，物我兩忘；所謂探驪之深，妙到毫巔，正指此也。原來詩只是一個凝其神的焦點，吾人更可從此焦點輻射出去，領略到絪縕於天地之間的無窮意境。正《易》所謂「乾坤其易之縕耶！乾坤成列，而易立乎其中矣！」一首好詩是可以如此潤物細無聲，一席對詩的好解讀不也同樣理當如此有生命同在的感染力？文華這整一部解詩之書，也可以視之為一首廣義的詩，具有同樣的浸潤力量。所以我讀文華此書，直覺得文華就在眼前，如聞其謦欬。我簡直想鄭重推薦以此書為詩學課的高級教科書了！則以詩教詩，以心印心，用生命感染生命，不亦善乎！
是為序。
|
